From gross debt to net debt
Finland’s gross debt to GDP ratio is close to EU average. Yet if one looks at net debt, Finland’s fiscal situation looks considerably better.
Fiscal & Growth Policy
Reforming the European and national fiscal frameworks so authorised fiscal space expands for public spending that strengthens growth and, as a result, debt sustainability.
Finland’s gross debt to GDP ratio is close to EU average. Yet if one looks at net debt, Finland’s fiscal situation looks considerably better.
Can Finland meet its debt rule without stalling the economy that has to service the debt?
How can fiscal rules reward policies that strengthen growth and resilience instead of penalising them?
Can Europe’s fiscal rules respect the law they serve?
Can France rein in its deficit after years of tax cuts, energy subsidies, and political instability?
Germany’s fiscal room is shrinking fast. Can reform restore its capacity to act?
What if the Commission’s debt models underestimate consolidation costs and overstate growth?
Can a fairer labour tax system revive Sweden’s stalled growth?
Can France’s softer fiscal path reconcile growth, debt stability, and Europe’s new rules?
Can debt sustainability analysis be credible if climate impacts stay off the books?
Can Europe still finance the twin transition if only defence spending gets fiscal room?
What if Finland’s plan to cut debt ends up increasing it?
Can Europe defend itself without redesigning its economic policy?
Can Europe’s housing crisis be solved with rules that misprice what makes homes desirable?
Neither austerity nor unchecked borrowing can make the transition sustainable. Balance is the only path.
Can Italy escape a model that locks its firms, regions, and workers into low productivity?
Can Europe’s public banks move from correcting markets to creating them?
Investing in care boosts female labour participation, yet unequal structures risk reopening the gap.
A 50-year debt anchor could end the Netherlands’ fiscal zigzag.
Germany’s €782 billion investment gap can’t be closed with accounting tricks alone.
Can Germany modernise when fiscal debate revolves around ceilings, not needs?